Bipartite patella is a condition in which the cartilaginous growth centers of the patella (kneecap) fail to fuse during development to form a single complete bony patella. It can occur in one or both knees.
Bipartite patella is commonly asymptomatic and considered a normal variant. In a small percentage of patients, often after trauma, movement of the bipartite fragment can cause pain and limitations.
What Is Bipartite Patella?
The patella is a sesamoid bone at the front of the knee that articulates with the femur (thigh bone), helps protect the knee from impact, and is part of the quadriceps tendon mechanism. It plays a role in straightening the knee, standing, and jumping.
With bipartite patella, the growth centers of the patella do not completely fuse together during development.
Causes and Risk Factors
Bipartite patella occurs when the cartilage growth centers of the patella fail to fuse together.
Trauma or injury can destabilize the bipartite fragment and result in pain with activity.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms may include:
- Tenderness around the kneecap
- Pain when extending the knee
- Swelling around the patella
- A bony ridge near the outer edge of the patella
- A feeling that the knee is unsteady
Treatment
Initial treatment consists of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, elevation of the leg, rest, and ice to relieve pain and reduce swelling.
Wearing a knee brace may also help relieve pain. Physical therapy is another treatment option.
If the condition remains painful and does not respond to conservative treatment, surgical excision or repair of the bipartite fragment may be necessary.
Recovery and Outcomes
Most patients with bipartite patella are not symptomatic unless they experience trauma. When symptoms do occur, patients typically respond to treatment.
When to See Dr. Chudik
If you are concerned about bipartite patella, develop pain or swelling around the kneecap, or your symptoms worsen, schedule an evaluation with Dr. Chudik.
Call 630-324-0402, request an appointment online, or email contactus@chudikmd.com.